Ergonomic Survey of Foot Dimensions and Morphological Patterns in the Ikwerre Population
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Abstract
Background: Foot morphology varies across populations and is influenced by genetic, environmental, and cultural factors. Understanding the dominant foot shape and differences in foot parameters within this population is important for clinical assessment, footwear design, and anthropological documentation. This study aimed to determine the dominant foot shape among the Ikwerre population and assess sex differences and bilateral asymmetry in foot length and width.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 participants (100 males and 100 females) aged 18–40 years. Foot scans were obtained using a digital scanner, while foot length and width were measured using a digital vernier caliper. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16.0, and comparisons were made using t-tests and chi-square tests, with significance set at p<0.05.
Results: Males exhibited significantly greater foot length and width compared to females (p<0.05). A statistically significant asymmetry was observed between the right and left feet in both measurements. The Egyptian foot shape was the most prevalent in both sexes, followed by the Greek foot type. Foot shape distribution did not differ significantly between males and females (p > 0.05).
Conclusion: The Ikwerre population predominantly exhibits the Egyptian foot shape, with notable sexual dimorphism and mild bilateral asymmetry in foot dimensions. These findings hold relevance for clinical foot care, orthotic and footwear design, and contribute valuable anthropometric data on an underrepresented Nigerian ethnic group.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Osunwoke EA, et al.
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