A Review on Importance of Fungi and Main Role in Criminal Investigation
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Fungus is a gathering of eukaryotic life forms that include microorganisms. As of late, the fungus has assumed a part in criminological science and has been utilized in criminal examination as a source of information. As organisms show both sexual and agamic reproduction in their life cycle, they are utilized as a scattering specialist. The investigation of growths is called mycology. Legal mycology is the part of science that portrays the types of growth. Utilizing the limit of the study of fungus distinguishing proof, which step by step opens its place as a device to recognizing tests and investigations in mycology, showed that certain chemoecological gatherings of organisms can go about as over the ground grave markers, in contrast to plants. Organisms can likewise develop on, for instance, stone, block, tiles, wood, and so on. The principal agent tracked down the primary key of contagious gathering in determining the time of body passing. The scientific mycology structures the contagious local area, they give the date after death and post entombment spans. The microbial clock has been created utilizing society-free high-throughput sequencing in a model framework. The extension to issues worried about common examination where there are clinical ramifications. Organisms were cultured from the mucosal swabs, skin scratching, hair, and lung biopsies. The organisms exist in numerous climates. The parasitic spores are created in huge amounts and spread without any problem. Which can frequently track down the person in question. (Garments, hair, or skin). As a follow-up, proof is searched for, and shape spores are tracked down in paleontological readiness. Spores are utilized for ordered qualities and the identification of species-level. The environmental and palynological data showed proof of a connection between the suspect and where the body was kept. During the examination of the parasite, we can recognize the reason for death, the season of death, find a covered carcass, and so on. As per the going timeframe, specific growth shows specific qualities at specific climate.
Article Details
Copyright (c) 2025 Singh SN, et al.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Carter DO, Tibbett M. Taphonomic mycota: fungi with forensic potential. J Forensic Sci. 2003;48(1):168–171. PubMed
Ascher J. Sequential extraction and genetic fingerprinting of a forest soil metagenome. Appl Soil Ecol. 2009;41(3):181–190. doi:10.1016/j.apsoil.2009.03.005
Izzo AD. Hybridization of an ITS-based macroarray with ITS community probes for characterization of complex communities of fungi and fungal-like protists. Mycol Res. 2009;113(2):219–237. doi:10.1016/j.mycres.2008.11.020
Ishii K, Hitosugi M, Kido M, Yaguchi T, Nishimura K, Hosoya T. Analysis of fungi detected in human cadavers. Leg Med (Tokyo). 2006;8(3):156–162. doi:10.1016/j.legalmed.2005.12.006
Menezes RG. Forensic mycology. Leg Med (Tokyo). 2007;9(5):298–302. doi:10.1016/j.legalmed.2007.04.002
Ishii K, Hitosugi M, Yaguchi T, Tokudome S. The importance of forensic mycology. Leg Med (Tokyo). 2007;9(5):303–307. doi:10.1016/j.legalmed.2007.04.002
Menezes RG, Kanchan T, Lobo SW, Jain A, Bhat NB, Rao NG. Cadaveric fungi: not yet an established forensic tool. J Forensic Leg Med. 2008;15(1):27–29. doi:10.1016/j.jflm.2007.02.001
Hawksworth DL, Wiltshire PEJ. Forensic mycology: current perspectives. Res Rep Forensic Med Sci. 2015;5:75–83. doi:10.2147/RRFMS.S83169
Hawksworth DL, Wiltshire PEJ. Forensic mycology: the use of fungi in criminal investigations. Forensic Sci Int. 2011;206(1–3):1–11. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2010.06.012
Sagara N. Occurrence of Laccaria proxima in the grave sites of cats. Trans Mycol Soc Jpn. 1981;22:271–275.
Fukiaru T, Osaku K, Iguchi K, Asada M. Occurrence of ammonia fungi on the forest ground after
Hitosugi M, Ishii K, Yaguchi T, Chigusa Y, Kurosu A, Kido M, Nagai T. Fungi can be a useful forensic tool. Leg Med (Tokyo). 2006;8(4):240–242. doi:10.1016/j.legalmed.2006.04.005
R.G. Menezes Kanchan T, Lobo SW, Jain A, Bhat NB, Rao NG. . Cadaveric fungi: not yet an established forensic tool J. Forensic Leg. Med. (2008) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jflm.2007.02.001
Gross ST. Psychotropic drugs in developmental mushrooms: a case study review. J Forensic Sci. 2002;47(6):1–5.
Ellis MB. More Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes. Kew: Commonwealth Mycological Institute; 1976.
Cramer J, Vaduz, 1978.[20] B.C. Sutton, The Coelomycetes: Fungi imperfecti with pycnidia, acervuli and stromata, Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew, 1980.[21] https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/full/10.5555/19801366283Carmichael JW, Kendrick WB, Conners IL, Sigler L. Genera of Hyphomycetes. Edmonton: University of Alberta Press; 1980.
Carmichael JW, Kendrick WB, Conners IL, Sigler L. Genera of Hyphomycetes, University of Alberta Press, Edmonton, 1980.
von Arx JA. Genera of Fungi Sporulating in Pure Culture, 3rd ed., J. Cramer, Vaduz, 1981. https://openlibrary.org/works/OL4895937W/The_genera_of_fungi_sporulating_in_pure_culture?edition=
Watling R. Hallucinogenic mushrooms. J Forensic Sci Soc. 1983;23(3):179–184. doi:10.1016/S0015-7368(83)71545-8
Heim R. Botanical and chemical characterization of a forensic mushroom specimen of the genus Psilocybe. J Forensic Sci Soc. 1966;6(4):305–310. doi:10.1016/S0015-7368(66)70336-3
Lee JC-I. Identification of members of the genera Panaeolus and Psilocybe by a DNA test: a preliminary test for hallucinogenic fungi. Forensic Sci Int. 2000;113(1–3):233–240. doi:10.1016/s0379-0738(00)00181-
Nugent KG. Forensic analysis of hallucinogenic fungi: a DNA-based approach. Forensic Sci Int. 2004;140(2–3):147–152. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2003.11.022
Maruyama T, Kawahara N, Yokoyama K, Makino Y, Fukiharu T, Goda Y. Phylogenetic relationship of psychoactive fungi based on rRNA gene for a large subunit and their identification using the TaqMan assay (II). Forensic Sci Int. 2006;164(2–3):201–205. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2004.10.028
Cannon PF, Ingold CT. Fungal Spores: Their Liberation and Dispersal. London: Academic Press; 1971.
Lacey J, Hudson HJ. Fungal Biology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1986.
Dix NJ. Fungal Ecology. London: Chapman & Hall; 1995.
Alexopoulos CJ, Mims CW, Blackwell M. Introductory Mycology. 4th ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons; 1996.
Kendrick B. The Fifth Kingdom. 3rd ed. Newburyport: Focus Publishing; 2000.
Dighton J. Fungi in Ecosystem Processes. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2003. doi:10.1201/9780203911440
Carlile MJ, Watkinson SC, Gooday GW. The Fungi. 2nd ed. London: Academic Press; 2001.
Dighton J, White JF, Oudemans P, editors. The Fungal Community: Its Organization and Role in the Ecosystem. 3rd ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2005. doi:10.1201/9781420027891
Webster J, Weber R. Introduction to Fungi. 3rd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2007.
Zycha H, Siepmann R, Linnemann G. Mucorales: Eine Beschreibung aller Gattungen und Arten dieser Pilzgruppe. Lehre: J. Cramer; 1969.
Ellis MB. Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes. Kew: Commonwealth Mycological Institute; 1971.
Ellis More Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes (1976) https://www.scirp.org/reference/ReferencesPapers?ReferenceID=2024743
R.W.G. Dennis British Ascomycetes (1978) https://biotanz.landcareresearch.co.nz/references/1cb0e23b-36b9-11d5-9548-00d0592d548c
Sutton BC. The Coelomycetes: Fungi imperfecti with pycnidia, acervuli and stromata (1980) https://www.scirp.org/reference/referencespapers?referenceid=2576110
Carmichael JW, et al. Genera of Hyphomycetes (1980)
von Arx JA. Genera of Fungi Sporulating in Pure Culture (1981) https://www.scirp.org/reference/referencespapers?referenceid=3750125
Doveri F. Fungi Fimicoli Italici: A Guide to the Recognition of Basidiomycetes and Ascomycetes Living on Faecal Material. Trento: Associazione Micologica Bresadola; 2004.
Domsch KH, Gams W, Anderson TH. Compendium of Soil Fungi. 2nd ed. Eching: IHW-Verlag; 2007.
Cannon PF, Kirk PM. Fungal Families of the World. Wallingford: CABI Publishing; 2007. doi:10.1079/9780851998275.0000
Wiltshire PEJ. Forensic ecology, botany, and palynology: some aspects of their role in criminal investigation. Crim Environ Soil Forensics. Dordrecht: Springer; 2009. p.129–149. doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-9204-6_9
Allsopp D. et al. Introduction to Biodeterioration (2004)
Tranchida MC, Cabello MN. Mycology as a forensic tool. Adv Techn Biol Med. 2017;5:226. PDF
Tranchida MC, Cabello MN. Micología forense. In: Ayon Rosana, ed. Biología Forense. Tucumán: Fundación Miguel Lillo; 2019. p.80–91. Opera Lilloana N°54
Tranchida MC, Bravo Berruezo LE, Stenglein SA. Mycobiota associated with human cadavers: first record in Argentina. Can Soc Forensic Sci J. 2018;51(2):39–47. doi:10.1080/00085030.2018.1463131
Hitosugi M, Ishii K, Yaguchi T, Chigusa Y, Kurosu A, Kido M, Fungi can be a useful forensic tool. Leg Med (Tokyo). 2006;8(4):240–242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.legalmed.2006.04.005
Spatafora JW, Chang Y, Benny GL, Lazarus K, Smith ME, Berbee ML, et al. A phylum-level phylogenetic classification of zygomycete fungi based on genome-scale data. Mycologia. 2016;108(5):1028–1046. doi:10.3852/16-042
Malloch D, Blackwell M. Dispersal of fungal diasporas. In: Dighton J, White JF, Oudemans P, eds. The Fungal Community: Its Organization and Role in the Ecosystem. 2nd ed. New York: Marcel Dekker; 1992. p.147–171.
Wiltshire PEJ. a. Forensic ecology, botany, and palynology: some aspects of their role in criminal investigation. In Criminal and Environmental Soil Forensics. Dordrecht: Springer Science and Business Media, p. 129–149. 2009 https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4020-9204-6_9
Sidrim JJC, Moreira Filho RE, Cordeiro RA, Rocha MFG, Caetano EP, Monteiro AJ, et al. Fungal microbiota dynamics as a postmortem investigation tool: focus on Aspergillus, Penicillium and Candida species. J Appl Microbiol. 2010;108(5):1736–1744. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04573.x
Tranchida MC, Pelizza SA, Elíades LA. The use of fungi in forensic science: a brief overview. Can Soc Forensic Sci J. 2021;54(1):35–48. Full text
Hawksworth DL, Wiltshire PEJ. Forensic mycology: The use of fungi in criminal investigations. Forensic Sci Int. 2011; 206(1–3): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2010.06.012