A Comparative Analysis of Traditional Latent Fingerprint Visualization Methods and Innovative Silica Gel G Powder Approach
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Latent fingerprints are a common source of information for forensic experts and law enforcement agencies. The thin layer chromatography (TLC) plates that are prepared in this work are made with silica gel G powder. Latent fingerprint remnants are made up of secretions from the nose, palm, and sebaceous, apocrine, and eccrine glands (sweat). However, the quest for more versatile and effective techniques persisted, leading to the emergence of innovative approaches like Silica Gel G powder. The silicon atoms are linked to –OH groups at the silica gel’s surface. A latent fingerprint is an imprint left by direct contact with a surface or object that is not apparent to the unaided eye. The advantages of using Silica Gel G powder for latent fingerprint visualization underscore its significance as an innovative technique in forensic science. The latent fingerprints were developed on each of the several substrates using Merck Specialties Private Limited’s white-coloured silica gel G powder. There are several techniques in the literature for creating latent fingerprints. The emergence of Silica Gel G powder in forensic science represents a significant breakthrough in the visualization of latent fingerprints. The process of using Silica Gel G powder for latent fingerprint visualization exemplifies the precision and attention to detail required in forensic investigations.
Article Details
Copyright (c) 2024 Aggarwal B
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Jura A. Latent fingerprints: methods, development techniques & analysis. Study.com. Available from: https://study.com/academy/lesson/latent-fingerprint-analysis-development-techniques.html
Graham D. Some technical aspects of demonstration and visualization of fingerprints on human skin. J Forensic Sci. 1969;14(1):1-12. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5767103/
Bumbrah GS, Sharma RM, Jasuja OP. Emerging latent fingerprint technologies: a review. Research and Reports in Forensic Medical Science. 2016;6:39-50. Available from: https://www.dovepress.com/emerging-latent-fingerprint-technologies-a-review-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-RRFMS#
Joshi K, Kesharwani L. Latent fingerprints from non-porous surfaces submerged in water at different intervals of time using two SPR formulations. International Journal of Software & Hardware Research in Engineering. 2015;3(9):15-19. Available from: https://ijournals.in/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/4.3908-Kaneeka.compressed.pdf
Loy DA. Silica gel – an overview. ScienceDirect Topics. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/materials-science/silica-gel
Champod C, Lennard C, Margot P, Stoilovic M. Fingerprints and other ridge skin impressions. Boca Raton, London, New York, Washington, DC: CRC Press; 2004. Chapter 4. Available from: https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.1201/9780203485040/fingerprints-ridge-skin-impressions-christophe-champod-chris-lennard-milutin-stoilovic-pierre-margot
Goode GC, Morris JR, Margot P, Stoilovic M. A review of their origin, composition, and methods of detection. Aldermaston: AWRE; 1983. Report No. O 22/83. Available from: https://aditya.ac.in/forensic-science/projects/Fingerprint%20&%20other%20Impressions/Shilpa_fingerprints%20on%20various%20surfaces.pdf
Lee HC, Gaensslen RE. Advances in fingerprint technology. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, London, New York, Washington, DC: CRC Press; 2001. Chapter 3. Available from: https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.1201/9781420041347/advances-fingerprint-technology-robert-ramotowski-gaensslen-ashim-datta-henry-lee
Singh K, Sharma S, Garg RK. Visualization of latent fingerprints using silica gel G: a new technique. Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences. 2012;3(1):20-25. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2090536X12000615
Doibut T, Benchawattananon R. Small particle reagent based on natural dyes for developing latent fingerprints on non-porous wet surfaces. Management and Innovation Technology International Conference (MITicon). 2016.
Champod C, Lennard C, Margot P, Stoilovic M. Fingerprints and other ridge skin impressions. 1st ed. CRC Press LLC; 2004. Available from: https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.1201/9780203485040/fingerprints-ridge-skin-impressions-christophe-champod-chris-lennard-milutin-stoilovic-pierre-margot
Lee HC, Gaensslen RE. Advances in fingerprint technology. 2nd ed. CRC Press LLC; 2001. Available from: https://www.esalq.usp.br/lepse/imgs/conteudo_thumb/Advances-in-Fingerprint-Technology-2nd-ed.pdf
Siegel JA, Knupfer GC, Saukko PJ. Encyclopedia of forensic sciences. 2nd ed. Academic Press; 2013.
Theaker BJ, Hudson KE, Rowell FJ. Doped hydrophobic silica nano- and micro-particles as novel agents for developing latent fingerprints. Forensic Sci Int. 2008;174:26-34. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2007.02.030
Sodhi GS, Kaur J. Fluorescent variant of silica nanoparticle powder synthesized from rice husk for latent fingerprint development. Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences. 2019. Available from: https://ejfs.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s41935-019-0155-1
Yamashita B, French M, Bleay S, Cantu A, Inlow V, Ramotowski R, et al. Latent print development. In: Latent fingerprint examination: elements, human factors and recommendations. Nova Science Publishers Inc; 2014;225-320. Available from: https://researchprofiles.herts.ac.uk/en/publications/latent-print-development
Sodhi GS, Kaur J. Powder method for detecting latent fingerprints: a review. Forensic Sci Int. 2001;120:172-6. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0379-0738(00)00465-5
Singh K, Sharma S, Garg RK. Visualization of latent fingerprints using silica gel G: a new technique. Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences. 2013;3(1):20-25. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejfs.2012.09.001
Thin layer chromatography. 2019. Available from: http://www.chemguide.co.uk/analysis/chromatography/thinlayer.html
Mayo K. Evolution of fingerprint technology. Office of Justice Programs. Available from: https://www.ojp.gov/ncjrs/virtuallibrary/abstracts/evolution-fingerprint-technology
Vadivel R, Nirmala M, Anbukumaran K. Commonly available, everyday materials as non-conventional powders for the visualization of latent fingerprints. Forensic Chemistry. 2021;24. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2468170921000357
Jasuja OP, Singh G. Development of latent fingermarks on thermal paper: preliminary investigation into the use of iodine fuming. Forensic Sci Int. 2009;192(1-3). Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2009.08.005
Bumbrah GS, Singh K, Sharma RM, Jasuja OP. Emerging latent fingerprint technologies: a review.2016;39-50 Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.2147/RRFMS.S94192
Su B. Recent progress on fingerprint visualization and analysis by imaging ridge residue components. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. 2016; 408:2781-2791. Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00216-015-9216-y
Garg RK, Kumari H, Kaur R. A new technique for visualization of latent fingerprints on various surfaces using powder from turmeric: a rhizomatous herbaceous plant (Curcuma longa). Egypt J Forensic Sci. 2011;1(1):53-57. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejfs.2011.04.011
Champod C, Lennard C, Margot P, Stoilovic M. Fingerprints and other ridge skin impressions. Boca Raton, London, New York, Washington, DC: CRC Press; 2004. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1201/9780203485040
Nast HP, Fasold H. Rasche Fingerprint-Entwicklung auf Kieselgel-Dünnschichtplatten [Fingerprint development on silica gel thin layer plates]. J Chromatogr. 1967;27(2):499-501. German. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9673(01)85912-4
Kumari H, Kaur R, Garg RK. New visualizing agents for latent fingerprints: synthetic food and festival colors. Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences. 2011;1(3-4):133-139. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2090536X11000372
Maltoni D, Maio D, Jain AK, Prabhakar S. Handbook of fingerprint recognition. 2nd ed. New York: Springer-Verlag; 2009.
Nigam K, Das T, Harshey A, Kumar A, Kapoor N, et al. Effectiveness of talcum powder for decipherment of latent fingerprints on various substrates. Asian Journal of Chemistry. 2020;33(1):120-6. Available from: https://asianpubs.org/index.php/ajchem/article/view/33_1_21
Rohatgi R, Sodhi GS, Kapoor A. Small particle reagent based on crystal violet dye for developing latent fingerprints on non-porous wet surfaces. Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences. 2015;5(4):162-5. Available from: https://core.ac.uk/reader/82639730
Bridges BC. Practical fingerprinting. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Publishing Company; 1963;250-3. Available from: https://www.amazon.com/Practical-Finger-Printing-B-C-Bridges/dp/B000ZFLBDU
Sodhi GS, Kaur J. Powder method for detecting latent fingerprints: a review. Forensic Science International. 2001;120(3):172-176. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0379073800004655
Goode GC, Morris JR. Latent fingerprints: a review of their origin, composition, and methods of detection. Tech. AWRE Report No. 022/83. Atomic Weapons Research Establishment, Aldermaston, UK; 1983. Available from: https://search.worldcat.org/title/Latent-fingerprints-:-a-review-of-their-origin-composition-and-methods-for-detection/oclc/12859927
Valdes-Ramirez D, et al. A review of fingerprint feature representations and their applications for latent fingerprint identification: trends and evaluation. IEEE Access. 2019;7:48484-99. Available from: https://typeset.io/pdf/a-review-of-fingerprint-feature-representations-and-their-32f06hf100.pdf
Ezhilmaran D, Adhiyaman M. A review study on latent fingerprint recognition techniques. Journal of Information and Optimization Sciences. 2017;38(3-4):501-16. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02522667.2016.1224468
Sodhi GS, Kaur J. Fluorescent small particle reagent. Part 1: a novel composition for detecting latent fingerprints on wet non-porous items. Fingerprint World. 2010;26(4):150-3. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejfs.2012.04.004
Sodhi GS, Kaur J. Novel, cost-effective organic fingerprint powder based on phloxine B dye. Def Sci J. 2000;50(2):213-5.
Rajan R, Zakaria Y, Shamsuddin S, Hassan NFN. Fluorescent variant of silica nanoparticle powder synthesized from rice husk for latent fingerprint development. Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences. 2019;9:50. Available from: https://ejfs.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s41935-019-0155-1
Kumari H, Kaur R, Garg RK. New visualizing agents for latent fingerprints: synthetic food and festival colors. Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences. 2011;1(3-4):133-9. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejfs.2011.07.006
Dhunna A, Anand S, Aggarwal A, Agarwal A, Verma P, Singh U. New visualization agents to reveal the hidden secrets of latent fingerprints. Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences. 2018;8:32. Available from: https://ejfs.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s41935-018-0063-9
Gabay Almog J. Chemical reagents for the development of latent fingerprints. III. Visualization of latent fingerprints by fluorescent reagents in vapor phase. J Forensic Sci. 1980;25(2):408-10. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7391800/
Azman AR, Mahat NA, Wahab RA, Wan AZ, Mohamad AAH, Hafezul HH, et al. Relevant visualization technologies for latent fingerprints on wet objects and its challenges: a review. Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences. 2019;9:1-13. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41935-019-0129-3
Sodhi GS, Kaur J. Multimetal deposition method for detection of latent fingerprints: a review. Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences. 2017;7:1-7. Available from: https://ejfs.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s41935-017-0017-7
Wang M, Li M, Yu A, Zhu Y, Yang M, Mao C. Fluorescent nanomaterials for the development of latent fingerprints in forensic sciences. Advanced Functional Materials. 2017;27(14):1606243. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201606243
Singh K, Sharma S. A new method for visualization of latent fingerprints on various colored surfaces using silica gel-G powder. ResearchGate. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/257737219_Visualization_of_latent_fingerprints_using_silica_gel_G_A_new_technique/fulltext/026f949d0cf2052f189081c9/Visualization-of-latent-fingerprints-using-silica-gel-G-A-new-technique.pdf
Vadivel R, Nirmala M. Visualization of latent fingerprints using neutral alumina as an inexpensive fingerprint developing powder. ResearchGate. 2012 Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344478568_visualization_of_latent_fingerprints_using_neutral_alumina_as_an_inexpensive_fingerprint_developing_powder.
Michalski S, Shaler R, Dorman FL. The evaluation of fatty acid ratios in latent fingermarks by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. J Forensic Sci. 2013;58(s1). Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.12010
Lee PLT, et al. Functionalised silicon oxide nanoparticles for fingermark detection. Forensic Science International. 2015.
Dhunna A, Anand S, Aggarwal A, Agarwal A, Verma P, Singh U. New visualization agents to reveal the hidden secrets of latent fingerprints. Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences. 2018. Available from: https://ejfs.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s41935-018-0063-9.
Azman AR, Mahat NA, Abdul Wahab R, Ahmad WA, Mohamed Huri MA, Hamzah HH. Relevant visualization technologies for latent fingerprints on wet objects and its challenges: a review. Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences. 2019. Available from: https://ejfs.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s41935-019-0129-3
Verma A, Nisha, Banerjee T, Sodhi GS. Development of latent fingerprints on non-porous surfaces with fluorescent dye-based small particle reagent. International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology. 2021;443-7. Available from: https://doi.org/10.32628/ijsrst218394
Sodhi GS, Nigam D, Monica, Ritu, Kaur S, Kaur J. Fluorescent small particle reagent. Part 2: Detection of latent fingerprints on compact disks. Fingerprint World. 2010;26(4):154-8.
Bin S. Recent progress on fingerprint visualization and analysis by imaging ridge residue components. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. 2016; 408(11):2781-91. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26781104/
Taylor J, Blenkin M. Uniqueness in the forensic identification sciences—fact or fiction? Forensic Science International. 2011;206(1-3):12-18. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0379073810003920
Malhotra R, et al. Recent advancements in the visualization of latent fingerprints.
Bhagat D. Recent trends of dyes in latent fingerprint development. 2020;1:23-4. ResearchGate. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/351301689_Recent_Trends_of_Dyes_in_Latent_Fingerprint_Development
Jasuja OP, Toofany MA, Singh G, Sodhi GS. Dynamics of latent fingerprints: the effect of physical factors on quality of ninhydrin developed prints—a preliminary study. Sci Justice. 2009 Mar;49(1):8-11. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scijus.2008.08.001
Prabakaran E, Pillay K. A novel approach of fluorescent porous graphite carbon nitride based silica gel powder for latent fingerprint detection. Applied Nanoscience. 2018;9: 255–277. Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13204-018-0904-8
Kerr FM, Haque F, Barson IW. Organic based powders for latent fingerprint detection on smooth surfaces. Part I. Can Soc Forensic Sci Int. 1983;16:39-44. Available from: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/%E2%80%9COrganic-Based-Powders-for-Fingerprint-Detection-on-Kerr-Haque/e644bdab9055b956a6ba17227bee98c993d3a230
Sodhi GS, Kaur J, Garg RK. A fingerprint powder formulation based on rhodamine B. J Forensic Ident. 2003;53(5):551-5. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279540274_A_fingerprint_powder_formulation_based_on_Rhodamine_B_dye
Divya V, Agrawal B, Srivastav A, Bhatt P, Bhowmik S, Yadvendra Agrawal K, et al. Fluorescent amphiphilic silica nanopowder for developing latent fingerprints. Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences. 2018;52(3):354-67. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/00450618.2018.1533036
Çetli E, Özkoçak V, Tatar D. The role of silica nanoparticle in fingerprint visualization studies. Aksaray University Journal of Science and Engineering. 2022;6(1):27-41. Available from: https://doi.org/10.29002/asujse.1035557
Bumbrah GS. Cyanoacrylate fuming method for detection of latent fingermarks: a review. Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences. 2017;7(4). Available from: https://ejfs.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s41935-017-0009-7