Challenges in Y-DNA Recovery from Fabric: Effects of Environmental Degradation and Implications for Forensic Casework

Naina Sharma; Surya Shekhar Daga

Abstract

Review Article

Challenges in Y-DNA Recovery from Fabric: Effects of Environmental Degradation and Implications for Forensic Casework

Naina Sharma and Surya Shekhar Daga*

Published: 04 July, 2025 | Volume 9 - Issue 2 | Pages: 117-124

Y-chromosomal DNA (Y-DNA) testing plays a critical role in forensic investigations involving male suspects, especially when traditional autosomal DNA evidence is insufficient or degraded. This review explores how different environmental factors—such as heat, moisture, Ultraviolet (UV) exposure, and microbial activity—impact the ability to recover Y-DNA from fabrics commonly found at crime scenes, including cotton, polyester, and denim. The study found that longer exposure to harsh environments, especially humidity and UV radiation, led to a sharp drop in the amount and quality of recoverable Y-DNA. The type of fabric also influenced results, with cotton generally retaining more DNA than synthetic materials like polyester. These findings reinforce the need for quick evidence collection and proper storage to preserve the integrity of Y-DNA. Several real-world cases are highlighted where Y-DNA analysis provided clear forensic outcomes, especially when autosomal DNA failed due to issues like allelic dropout—where one or more genetic markers fail to appear during testing—or secondary transfer, which occurs when DNA is unintentionally passed from one surface or person to another. In such cases, Y-DNA profiling was crucial in narrowing down or identifying male suspects, particularly when other forms of DNA were inconclusive. This review underscores the unique value of Y-DNA analysis in situations involving degraded or limited biological material and calls for the development of better recovery techniques to improve success in challenging forensic contexts.

Read Full Article HTML DOI: 10.29328/journal.jfsr.1001090 Cite this Article Read Full Article PDF

Keywords:
Y-DNA; Fabric evidence; Environmental degradation; Forensic DNA recovery; Sexual assault; Forensic science

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University of Agriculture, Pakistan

Muhammad Sarwar Khan

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University of Jacqmar, Inc., USA

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College of Fisheries, CAU(I), Tripura, India

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Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Israel

Leonid Feldman

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University of Tubingen, Germany

Yvonne Mast

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Eastern Mediterranean University, Cyprus

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Dr. Elizabeth A Awoyesuku

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NC A&T State University, USA

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Ekiti State University, Nigeria

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Wollo University, Ethiopia

Atsedemariam Andualem

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Department of Biotechnology, Uttaranchal college of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India

Archna Dhasmana

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Helen Figge

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